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9-G) Modal verbs
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Learn the basic facts about modal verbs: what they are and how they are used.
Los verbos ingleses se dividen en dos: normales y especiales.
Los verbos modales se dividen en dos: auxiliares y modales.
Los verbos auxiliares se utilizan para construir tiempos verbales:
- I go to London every weekend 
presente
- I WILL go to London next week futuro (auxiliar: will)
Los verbos modales se utilizan para expresar ciertas ideas tales como: deducción, obligación, posibilidad, habilidad, etc.
- I must stay in bed = tienes que quearte en la cama obligación (modal: must)
En cuanto a la construcción de la frase, los verbos especiales se diferencian de los normales por la regla de los 3 noes:
No -S No añaden -S en la 3ª persona del singular en presente.
No TO Nunca llevan TO delante o detrás
No DO No necesitan el auxiliar DO para nada.
Lee las explicaciones en inglés para más detalles. Traducimos aquí las frases de ejemplo para que entiendas mejor la idea de cada verbo modal:
POSIBILIDAD: May & Might
- It may rain today because it is very cloudy.
= Puede que llueva hoy porque está muy nublado.
- If you go to Hollywood you might see some famous actors in the street.
= Si vas a Hollywood pudiera ser que veas a algunos actores famosos por la calle.
PERMISO: Can, May
- Can I go to the toilet? = ¿Puedo ir al baño?
- May I go to the toilet? (más educado) = ¿Podría ir al baño?
HABILIDAD: Can (forma del pasado y del condicional: Could)
- I can play the guitar = Puedo/sé tocar la guitarra
- When I was a child I could play the guitar, but now I can't.
= Cuando era pequeño podía tocar la guitarra, pero ahora no.
CONSEJO: Should
- If you want to be a doctor you should study more.
= Si quieres ser médico deberías estudiar más.
INTENCIÓN: Will (pasado: Would) [exacto, este verbo puede ser auxiliar o también modal]
- Don't worry, I will help you. = No te preocupes, te ayudaré (literalmente: estoy dispuesto a ayudarte)
- He said that he would help me. = Me dijo que me ayudaría
INVITACION: Will
- Will you come to my party tonight? = ¿Quieres venir a mi fiesta esta noche?
- Sure, I will. = Claro que iré
DEDUCCION: Must (can't para la negativa)
- Who's that? - That must be John, because he is very tall.
= ¿Quién es ese? - Ese debe de ser John porque es muy alto.
- No, that can't be John, John is younger.
= No, no puede ser John, John es más joven.
SUGERENCIA: Shall
- Shall we go to the cinema? = ¿Qué tal si nos vamos al cine?
OBLIGACION: Must
- You must stay here and you mustn't speak to anyone until I come back home.
= Te tienes que quedar aquí y no puedes hablar con nadie hasta que yo vuelva.
PROHIBITION: Can (in the negative)
- I'm sorry, you can't park here, there is a yellow line on the road.
= Lo siento, no puedes aparcar aquí, hay una línea amarilla en el suelo.
1- Modal verbs: theory
Report mistakesThere are two kinds of verbs in English: special verbs & normal verbs. There are 13 special verbs, all the rest are normal verbs.
NORMAL VERBS
They can only make affirmative sentences. For all the other things, they need DO:
affirmative I live in London
negative I don't live in London
interrogative Do you live in London? Yes, I do.
SPECIAL VERBS
They never use DO, they can do everything. Most of them can use contractions.
affirmative I can speak English
negative I can't speak English
interrogative Can you speak English? Yes, I can.
The special verbs are: to be, have, do, can/could, will/would, shall/should, may/might, must, ought to
There are two kinds of special verbs: auxiliaries and modals.
AUXILIARY VERBS (or HELPING VERBS)
The auxiliaries verbs in English are: to be, have, do, will, would.
They help a normal verb to make some tenses. A normal verb only has present and past tense, but we can make more tenses using auxiliary verbs:
present: I live in London
past: I lived in London
present perfect : I have lived in London auxiliary: Have.
future: I will live in London auxiliary: Will.
conditional: I would live in London auxiliary: Would
present continuous: I am living in London auxiliary: Be.
passive voice: I am called Tim auxiliary: Be.
present perfect continuous: I have been living in London auxiliaries: Have & Be.
negative: I don't live in London auxiliary: Do.
etc.
To Be to make continuous forms and the passive voice: I am writing a letter - The window was broken
Have to make the present perfect: He has lived here for 5 years
Do to make negatives, interrogatives, etc: I don't like tennis / do you know him? Yes, I do.
Will to express future: They will come to visit me
Would to make conditionals: If you had problems, I would help you.
MODAL VERBS
Modal verbs are used to express ideas such as possibility, intention, deduction, suggestion, obligation, etc.
Modal verbs never change, they don't add an -S for the 3rd person singular and they don't use TO before or after them (exceptions: to be, ought to):
normal: I live here, he lives here
modal: I can swim, he can swim
normal: I want to go
modal: I may go
POSSIBILITY: May & Might
- It may rain today because it is very cloudy.
- If you go to Hollywood you might see some famous actors in the street.
PERMISSION: Can, May
- Can I go to the toilet?
- May I go to the toilet? (more polite)
ABILITY: Can (past tense and conditional tense: Could)
- I can play the guitar
- When I was a child I could play the guitar, but now I can't.
ADVICE: Should
- If you want to be a doctor you should study more.
INTENTION: Will (past: Would) [yes, this verb can be a modal or an auxiliary for the future)
- Don't worry, I will help you.
- He said that he would help me.
INVITATION: Will
- Will you come to my party tonight?
- Sure, I will.
DEDUCTION: Must ("can't" for the negative)
- Who's that? - That must be John, because he is very tall.
- No, that can't be John, John is younger.
SUGGESTION: Shall
- Shall we go to the cinema?
OBLIGATION: Must
- You must stay here and you mustn't speak to anyone until I come back home
PROHIBITION: Can (in the negative)
- I'm sorry, you can't park here, there is a yellow line on the road.
SUMMARY
The 3 No's: Remember this simple rule for the use of special verbs (modals & auxiliaries): NO -S, NO TO, NO DO
NO –S I can/ she can
NO TO I can walk / no infinitive
NO DO you can / you can’t / can you?
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